Nevertheless, this deficiency could be successfully overcome by an electrochemical method based on the galvanic series theory through the application of an appropriately designed galvanic cell (cathode/anode) reactor. However, despite the high efficiency of such dc-powered systems, they still suffer from excessive power consumption. Numerous scientific studies have reported total decolorization of wastewaters containing azo dyes by electrochemical means, in the order of 71–99%. These methods are of significant interest as they combine three parallel processes, namely electrocoagulation, electrooxidation and electroflotation. The above, combined with severe environmental pollutions, have led scientists to consider the development of novel, more efficient treatment methods for the dye-based industrial wastewaters.ĭc-powered electrochemical methods have widely been examined and utilized for the remediation of dye-polluted wastewaters. Various studies conducted in recent years have confirmed serious toxicity, as well as mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of some azo dyes, including their metabolites. Large concentrations of azo-type dyes in water have a direct impact on the conditions of all organisms living in a biosystem, which, most importantly, are then transferred to human populations. This specific group of coloring agents is characterized with the presence of one or more azo groups (-N=N-). Among various groups of textile dyes, particular attention should be paid to the so-called azo dyes. Globally, many industries discharge up to 15% of the total dyes used in effluents directly into water bodies. Large amounts of different dyes that are present in industrial wastewaters are responsible for serious environmental and health problems.
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